The principal security interest of the Slovak Republic is to achieve the full-fledged membership in NATO. The decision of the NATO Prague summit to enlarge the Alliance by seven aspiring countries, including Slovakia, is the appreciation of our progress achieved in the fields of politics, security, and defence and successful implementation of tasks originating from our Membership Action Plan (MAP). On the other side, this fact also defines new qualitative and higher requirements and commitments in the political, security and defence areas regarding the co-operation of the Slovak Republic within Alliance. These requirements are set for the period from signing the accession protocols until achieving the full-fledged membership. In these respects, the continuation of defence reform processes and the armed forces reorganisation are the most important. The success of these processes and creation of the modern Armed Forces is also determined by our approach to/fulfilment of new tasks/requirements in the armament, development of defence research and technologies. These areas are among the most decisive areas of NATO and for a number of reasons they have a priority for all NATO member countries.
The importance of collaboration with NATO in the armaments, research and development of defence technologies is highlighted by imperatives and requirements set for the development of modern Armed Forces; by trends and visions in this field; by tasks set for defence capabilities creation; by specialisation of the Alliance member countries' Armed Forces and by fighting against terrorism. These requirements are unthinkable without the development of weapon systems and acquisition processes development.

I. PRINCIPAL SPECIFICS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE NATO ARMAMENTS PROCESS

The armaments field in NATO has its specifics. The understanding of these specifics is important from the view of understanding the requirements/demands for collaboration with NATO bodies and the follow-up implementation of the taken measures. It also has an important implication for ensuring the tasks and management in this field, as well as for bilateral/multilateral collaboration with Alliance members in armament with wider international context and relations.

The core functions and phases of armaments process in the Alliance

The NATO structures in the armaments field, procedures and activities of the Alliance in this area allow for performing the six core functions of NATO in the armaments field (Diagram 1):

• Formulating the framework for development (process of formulating the basic heading and specific objectives of NATO activities in the armament field),
• Requirements harmonization,
• attainment of interoperability,
• Armaments procurement, including the "co-ordinated acquisition",
• information exchange,
• Influence of defence research and defence technologies and industrial resources.

NATO armaments process consists of four fundamental phases:

• Identification the required defence capacities of the Alliance in the defence planning framework,
• Reviewing the specific armament requirements; development, coordination and approval supporting programmes and activities,
• Implementation of approved activities and programmes,
• Production of final outputs in material form, the Standard NATO Agreement and other kinds of standards (approved by NATO member countries) or guidelines for armaments.

Planning in the armaments, programming system and armaments information management system

The process of armament planning within NATO is one of the fundamental and independent areas of defence planning. As the Defence Planning Questionnaire is drafted annually for defence planning area, the Armaments Planning Questionnaire (APQ) is developed for the armaments field. The key task in the framework of force planning within NATO is performed by Force Goals. In the armaments field, the National Armaments Goals (NAG) are prepared and handed over to NATO bodies.

The basic phases of armament process within the Alliance (research, development, tests, production, operation and disposal of the equipment), i.e. the whole life-cycle and acquisition of defence systems is implemented in line with relevant standards of Alliance and it is also harmonised with rules and procedures of individual stages/phases of the Phased Armaments Programming System (PAPS).

The Armaments Information Management System (AIMS) plays a key role during cooperation with Alliance in the armament and it is important also from the view of exchanging information. AIMS are also an important for coordination and harmonisation of activities in this field. The national inputs are elaborating and forwarding into AIMS.
The APO, PAPS and AIMS are now being revised.

Basic principle in the armaments area

From the perspective of armaments, it is necessary to highlight the basic principle applicable within NATO (as one of the key management principles of standardization). The principle stipulates that introducing/acquiring of the weapons and equipment (materiel) is the national responsibility of individual member countries of the Alliance.
However, the introducing equipment (materiel) should be in accordance with relevant standards of the Alliance (standardization is based on a voluntary basis, a fact belonging to its management principles).

NATO armaments bodies arid their restructuring

The highest NATO body for the armaments field is the Conference of National Armaments Directors (CNAD). The mission of the CNAD is to support the Alliance's military and political objectives and capabilities by promoting cost-effective acquisition and cooperative development and production of armaments and by enhancing and encouraging interoperability, and leveraging technological and industrial cooperation among allies.

CNAD and its working groups belong to basic specialistic standardisation bodies of the Alliance - TASKING Authorities - in armaments/materiel field, i.e. producing logistics.
This fact is exceptionally important since Tasking Authorities (among them are MC, NSA, SNLC and NC3B) have fulfilled irreplaceable functions within NATO Standardisation Organization (Diagram 2). Also, they have an important role in the process of harmonising the standardization with defence planning and within whole process of Alliance members' Armed Forces building.

Part of CNAD structure are following groups:

• Main Armaments Groups (MAG) of individual Armed Forces Services (including the subordinated subgroups, topical groups and working groups):
• AC/225 NAAG - NATO Army Armaments Group
• AC/224 NAFAG - NATO Air Forces Armaments Group
• AC/141 NNAG - NATO Navy Armaments Group
• CNAD Partnership Groups (CPG)
• NATO Industrial Advisory Group (NIAG) as a body for cooperation of defence industries of the Alliance and Partner countries.

In relation to the overall process of reduction of committees and working groups within the Alliance (total of465 in 2002) CNAD's working groups will also undergo reduction/restructuring in 2003. The reason for the above committees and working groups reduction is improved control and transparency of decision making processes within Alliance, and better intersection of committees and groups with NATO priorities. The overall number of groups and subgroups within the CNAD structure will be reduced by 35 per cent. In addition to changes of main armaments groups, the fundamental changes concern the structure of CNAD Partnership Groups (of the above 35 per cent reduction, 60 per cent applies to CPG).

Within the CNAD partnership groups, the following three principal areas of activities will be a subject of management:

a) Management of NATO codification system (restricting the overall number of groups/subgroups for this area to 2).
The AC/135 Group on codification will remain to exist.

b) Life-cycle management (restricting the overall number of groups/subgroups for this area to 10).
A new group AC/327 for life-cycle management (LCM) will be established. This new group will integrate the actual four CNAD groups: AC/250 on quality assurance, AC/301 on standardization of materiel and engineering practices, AC/313 on acquisition practices, AC/325 LCI on Life Cycle Integration of defence systems. The key mission of the new group will be to provide the means for life cycles processes to be applied to NATO armaments projects and cooperation. The group will be responsible for NATO policies, methods, procedures and agreements concerning the acquisition, use and support of armaments systems and equipment to meet NATO life cycle, quality and interoperability requirements. The basis for the activity and structure of this group wilt be the ISO 15228 standard and processes defined within this standard: enterprise processes, agreement processes'~, project processes, technical processes. Inputs of these processes/requirements created within CNAD activities constitute a basis for requirements concerning the defence systems procurement and armament project (Diagram 3).
Reference No. 1. The term Enterprise Processes" is used in accordance with ISO 15228 standard. This term is used in enterprise environment (i.e. company processes, or enterprise processes respectively). This term is used in relation to the decision on using terminology in compliance with ISO 15228 standards within the new AC/XXX for LCM and NATO/CNAD specification.

c) Ammunition Safety Management (restricting the overall number of groups/subgroups for this area to 7). For this area a new AC/326 group will be established. The currently AC/258 Group on Safety Aspects of Transportation and Storage of Ammunition and Explosives and AC/310 Group on Safety and Suitability for Service of Ammunition and Explosives will merge to create the AC/XYZ group. Modified structure of CNAD is in (Diagram 4).

National Armaments Directors and their representatives in NATO countries delegations

National Armaments Directors (NAD) of individual states are representatives of the Alliance member countries fully responsible for cooperation and coordination of collaboration with NATO bodies in the armaments field. These Directors have important and irreplaceable position in cooperation with Alliance in the area of defence research and technologies.
The National Directors who have relevant decision making competencies and full authorisation to act in the armaments field have a position of Defence Secretary (Deputy of Minister of Defence) in majority of Alliance countries.

The position of National Armaments Director is officially institutionalised in NATO (as well as within West European Armaments Group) and is also directly reflected in the name of the highest NATO body for armaments field - the CNAD (Conference of National Armaments Directors). This term is also used in official post within NATO and during contacts/cooperation among Alliance members in the armaments field.

The importance of collaboration in the armaments field within NATO is highlighted by the fact that National Armaments Directors have their representatives - National Armaments Director Representatives (NADREP) - at the national delegations to NATO. The individual NADREP - advisors for armaments - coordinate the collaboration with relevant NATO bodies in the armaments field and technical development. They have their regular meetings (NADREPs Meetings) and take part in other meetings within CNAD, e.g. Meetings of the AC/259 Steering Committee on Alliance Ground Surveillance Capability), AC/259 Theatre Missile Defence Project Group).
The importance of NADREPs and NADREPs meeting rests, beside other facts, in a fact that during these meetings are reviewed and approved fundamental NATO document in the armaments field, defence research and technologies (individual Andres are acting on behalf of their national armaments directors and their respective countries).

Structures of NATO WO in the armaments field - reflecting specifics and importance of armaments in the structure of Alliance's management bodies

The irreplaceable position of armaments field, its importance and specifics in NATO is further highlighted by the fact that armaments process within NATO and cooperation with Alliance members and Partners in the armaments area is coordinated by separate Division, that is part of the NATO International Staff (IS). This division by 30 March 2003 was the Defence Support division (DSD), controlled by Assistant NATO Secretary General for defence support (ASG DS). DSD was consisted the following key bodies: Armaments Planning, Programmes and Policy Directorate and Air defence and airspace Management Directorate. The above Division also includes the Technological Studies and Cooperation Office of the NATO r Research and Technology Agency.
Based on the structure reform of the IS NATO and its implementation the DSD was transformed into the Defence Investments Division since 31 March 2003, controlled by Assistant Secretary General for Defence Investment. Two above mentioned Directorates will be saved and the third one - the Directorate for Security Investments - was created.

II. THE PRINCIPAL NEW TASKS IN COOPERATION WITH ALLIANCE IN THE ARMAMENTS FIELD AFTER INVITATION/JOINING THE ALLIANCE

The cooperation of the Slovak side with NATO bodies and CNAD groups is perceived positively by NATO bodies.
The nominated personnel for cooperation with individual CNAD working groups are representatives of the Defence Department. These representatives regularly take part in meetings of these groups. The adoption/implementation of selected NATO technical standards has been launched.
However, the truth is, that the above positives are achieved especially by the work, effort and passion of small circle of personnel from the Research, Development and Modernisation Division of the Modernisation and Infrastructure Department of the Slovak MoD (and CNAD delegates nominated from other elements of Defence Sector). The above Division is the principal Defence Department's body that coordinates the cooperation with Alliance in the armaments field.

In the period after the signing accession protocols and especially after achievement of SLovakia's full-fledged membership in NATO, the attention shall be focused especially on the following fields:

• Maintaining and improving the level of current cooperation with CNAD working groups,
  
  
• Ensuring the objective-focused collaboration with new open CNAD groups (currently closed, esp. partially closed for representatives from partner countries),
  
  
• Ensuring the new defined tasks, especially in the field of planning and programming in the armaments field and armaments information management system,
  
  
• Transfer of information from the CNAD working; groups, improving: the quality of system for obtaining and exchange of information, including contacts with Economy Department and other Departments, defence industry associations, and selected research-development, testing and manufacturing organisations,
  
  
• Preparation and subsequent launch of NATO standards ratification in the armaments- technical field, (Note This area close related with meeting tasks in the defence standardization area),
  
  
• Introduction of effective military equipment acquisition system - the whole process of armaments planning field within the defence planning and adhering to this system in practice, respecting irreplaceability of mission and tasks of armaments bodies, technical development and military technical and testing institutes in this process,
  
  
• Prioritasion of tasks in the armaments field where the collaboration with NATO in armaments area shall have the highest priority.
  
  
• One of the most important tasks shall be considered ~he elaborating of tasks within the defence systems life cycle management (information management, life cycle cost, risks management, configuration management etc.), implementation of NATO codification system, state quality assurance of products and services for defence purposes, intellectual property and technical information for defence purposes (after achieving the Alliance membership, Slovakia will accede to NATO Agreement on Technical Information for Defence Purposes).

The new open CNAD groups

Upon signing the accession protocols the all of so-far closed, or partially closed CNAD working groups and NADREPs negotiations will be fully open for representatives from countries invited to join NATO. These countries will have a status of observers.

Two examples to demonstrate some of the so far closed main armaments groups of CNAD that will be open:

• As part of AC/224 NAFAG - e.g. NAFAG plenary meeting, Air Group (AG) on air aspects of command and control warfare (AG/3) and its subgroup on EW Self-protection measures for joint services airborne assets; working group on approach and landing systems and working groups for air-to-surface combat identification within AG/5 group etc.
  
  
• Within AC/225 NAAG - e.g. Group on battlefield reconnaissance, night observation, camouflage, counter-surveillance and EW (LG/6), including its subgroup for electronic warfare and subgroup for measures against surveillance/reconnaissance; important working groups within LG/7: working group for collective protection, working group for decontamination, working group for stand-off detection of combat agents (where the Slovak side has something to offer) etc.

Participation of armaments experts/technical experts in meetings of other committees and groups

They will participate especially in meetings of the Research and Technology Board (RTB) - the highest Alliance s body for defence research and technologies, the so far closed activities of various panels belonging to Research and Technology Agency, including involvement into technical teams activities, meetings of selected working groups of AC/4 NATO committee for infrastructure etc.

Consultations and collaboration as part of cooperation with other committees and groups, especially the following:

1. Continuation of collaboration, profound involvement into collaboration and exchange of information from to-date collaboration with NADC - NATO Air Defence Committee (and with committee's working groups that will be open upon joining the Alliance), NATO Air Traffic 'Management Committee, close collaboration with elements of operational logistics of the General Staff of the Armed Forces within collaboration with-SNLC - Senior NATO Logistics Conference, close collaboration with selected NC3B subcommittees,
   
   
2. Collaboration with other elements of Defence Departments and other departments in collaboration with such committees as AC/137 -Scientific committee, DPC - Defence Planning Committee, AC/127 Economic Committee, SRB Senior Resource Board, CBC - Civilian Budget Committee, MBC - Military Budget Committee, etc.

Tasks resulting from-NATO collaboration in planning and programming of armaments and AIMS

The principal objective is preparation of the Armaments Planning Questionnaire and-defining the National Armaments Goals, connection to/ensuring the preparation of contribution/inputs into NATO Armaments Information Management Systems, and implementation of armaments planning phases.
(Note. The above fields and related tasks are in the status of revision).

Task resulting from the Prague Capabilities Commitment

On the basis of National Armaments Directors' proposals and follow up approval process, the recommendations for "the new capabilities/capacities initiative" based on "firm national commitments with Concrete terms" have been prepared. These "firm national commitments" require concrete commitments in financing - guaranteeing the necessary sources within national defence budgets. The objective of these measures is to ensure that Alliance's forces are armed and equipped to perform the wide spectre of modern military missions and tasks.

The new initiative adopted at the Prague summit under the name Prague Capabilities Commitment shall support "cooperation during armaments and equipment acquisition and joint and multinational financing", contains national commitments to improve defence capabilities in more than 400 specific activities in following areas:

• Radiological, chemical, biological and nuclear defence, -intelligence, surveillance and target acquisition,
• Air-to-ground surveillance,
• C3 (command, control and communication) - information superiority,
• Combat effectiveness, including precision guided munitions and suppression of enemy air defence,
• Strategic air and sea lift, - air-to-air refuelling,
• Deployable combat support and combat service support units.

The area of PCC, together with the new structure of NATO command and creation of NATO Response Force (NRF) is one of the three pillars for NATO transformation.
The approach to this area and implementation of resulting tasks, where armaments bodies of the Slovak Defence Department will play irreplaceable role, will be among the most important within the integration to Alliance and defence reform.
The above issues are also closely related to the process of specialisation of the NATO member countries. It is necessary to devote priority attention to this field even now, especially from the view of Slovakia's specialisation in the defence industry/implications to defence research and industry and concrete armaments projects.

III. RELATIONS TO DEFENCE STANDARDIZATION

The key tasks in the standardization field directly connected to tasks in the armaments field

From the wide spectrum of tasks that are directly related to new tasks and requirements in the field of cooperation with NATO in the armaments area after the achievement of the invitation/joining Alliance, it is necessary to highlight especially the following:

• Completion of Legal process related to proposal t of the Act on Defence Standardization, Codification, and State Quality Assurance of Products and Services for Defence Purposes,
• Establishment of the highest body for coordination of standardisation taking into account the connections to armaments and defence planning bodies, including ensuring the adequate position in the structure, location, and allocation of the necessary personnel,
• Issue of responsibility/supervision of Defence Department in the field of collaboration with committees and NATO working groups, especially with standardization bodies - Tasking Authorities and its harmonisation with dividing the standardisation into sectors, groups and classes, and with responsibility by different elements the Internal Normative Acts in this field,
• Drafting and publishing of the Defence Departments for ensuring the tasks related to standardization, especially guidelines related to the above standardisation division into sectors, groups and classes, activities of nominated representatives for cooperation with NATO committees and working groups, rules for preparation of analyses, translations and approach to NATO standardization documents, views, reports and financing the above areas,
• Implementation of plans for adoption/implementation of NATO standardisation documents in the individual standardisation areas (as a partner country and invited country), as a serious basement for follow-up process of NATO standards ratification (Slovakia as a full fledged member country),
• Drafting and implementation of measures necessary for preparation to accession/ratification of standardisation NATO documents, including publishing the necessary INA of the Slovak MoD,
• Implementation of defence standardization into whole process of defence planning and its harmonisation with defence planning disciplines,
• Founding the advisory body of the Defence Department for defence standardization with direct links to senior Slovak MoD's representatives and creations of terminological committees of Defence Department and terminological subcommittees,
• Creation of a qualitative information system in the standardization field with central database of Alliance s standardization documents with relation to information subsystems of Defence Departments with using the environment where NATO standardization databases are saved.

IV. EXAMPLES OF SUCCESSFUL SLOVAK Cooperation WITH NATO IN ARMAMENTS FIELD (WITH CNAD GROUPS)

Considering the limited scope allocated for this article it's impossible to inform about the professionally wide issue, activities and principal missions of CNAD groups and resulting implications for Defence Departments and defence industry. To demonstrate the outstanding collaboration with NATO subgroups in the armaments field, transfer of obtained information and application of possibilities that this collaboration provides, I would like to mention the following:

• Foundation of Military Office for Quality and Codification as a NDOAA's body in accordance with STANAG 4107 and for ensuring tasks originating from NATO codification system implementation.
  
  
• Carrying on the adoption and implementation of selected Alliance's standards in the armaments-technical field.
  The very good example is especially the adoption/implementation of NATO standards in the artillery systems and devices where the main contribution is related with process of harmonisation the artillery armament with NATO, thus the interoperability was achieved (necessary level of standardisation) in this important armaments area. In addition, the resolved tasks are positive from view of international collaboration in this respective field with a potential commercial/economical benefit.
  
  
• Organising/ hosting to NAAG-LG/4 for surface-to-surface artillery meeting in Slovakia between i4th - l7th October 2003.
  The approval of Slovakia as a venue for this meeting by NATO bodies shall be seen as an appraisal of active Slovakia's collaboration - activities of our delegate for collaboration with the LG/4 group, positive involvement into the process of fulfilling the tasks of this body including the above implementation of standards that are within LG/4 competence. Part of meeting of NAAG-LG/4 group in Slovakia will be the presentation of selected leading Slovak artillery weapons and ammunition products to members of this group (management officers of NATO HO for the armaments field, responsible representatives and Leading experts of Alliance member countries and Partner countries) that provide us with a unique opportunity from a number of aspects.
  
  
• Organising/hosting to world special exhibition of Combat Clothing and Individual Equipment (CCIE) named NATO Exhibition Slovakia CCIE 2003 between 16th - l8th October 2003 in Slovakia.
  The exhibition is organised under the supervision of specialised CNAD group AC/301 SMEP - SG/B Ad Hoc Group of Experts for CCIE. It was the Slovak good collaboration with AC/301 group, information of Slovak Republic Mission to NATO, and the follow-up recommendations of armaments bodies and favourable decision of Slovakia's Minister of Defence that created conditions for NATO bodies to approve Slovakia to play a host to this exhibition. Based on the invitation Letters from the level of Slovak Defence Minister and Slovak National Armaments Directors, the above exhibition will be attended by representatives of NATO, armaments bodies, operational logistics, and leading world companies of Alliance's member countries, the Partner and other countries. Due to the importance of soldier's system interoperability, including CCIE field, the exhibition will create a unique floor to familiarise with the most recent trends and products in this field, and for presentation the Defence Departments effort and selected Slovak companies in the given field.

CONCLUSION

The area of armaments, defence research and technologies is one of the most important area within building the defence capabilities, fighting the terrorism and Alliance transformation.
From the perspective of full value cooperation with NATO in armaments field, transfer of information obtained from this collaboration within building the defence capabilities of the Slovak Republic and modern Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic, in relation to armaments policy, armaments planning and programming, coordination and implementation of armaments programmes, projects and the whole of acquisition process, as well as from the view of research and development support of Slovak Republic's military capabilities, introducing the latest defence technologies and implications in relation to defence industry and important state and international connections, the fields of armaments and defence research deserve the highest priority attention.
One of the premises for successful and full-value involvement into NATO armaments procedures and national representation in NAT armaments bodies (CNAD and its groups), defence research and technologies development (RTO/RTA and its panels) and active contribution of the Slovak Republic in the field of building up the defence capabilities, combating terrorism and within specialisation of Alliance member countries' Armed Forces and development of Slovakia's military capabilities is also an existence of adequate and systematically interconnected institutionalised elements/structures. These - within target focused cooperation with the Alliance in the armaments field and defence industry and its prioritisation - will ensure the necessary level of coordination and required flow of information from the armaments field and defence research in NATO into the environment of Defence Department and other departments of the Slovak Republic (including preparatory and implementation phases during foreign defence system acquisition with reflection of such areas/factors as "Smart buying", and "Smart specifying", review risks of possible variants, favour ability, possibility of production cooperation and off set programmes, reviewing all phases of a life cycle, test verification, etc.).
Especially the armaments bodies and defence research of the Defence Department will be, after signing the accession protocols and especially after achieving the Alliance membership, challenged by demanding requirements resulting from the scope and depth of collaboration with Alliance in armaments, research and defence technologies - in the context of new tasks/requirements, demands, specifics in the field of armaments policy, planning, and prognosis in the armaments field, and intensity, importance and specifications of international collaboration (except the collaboration with NATO/CNAD, requirements resulting from future full-fledged membership in WEAG, dimension of future collaboration with EU in the fields of armaments and research and expectations of European institutional in armaments cooperation - the establishment of European Agency for Armaments and Strategic Research, etc.).

The principal tasks will include above all the following:

• Monitoring and application of key areas of weapon systems development, defence research and technologies,
• Management of armaments marketing and collaboration of Slovak MoD with industry,
• Specifics of armaments programmes management and design management development, including the creation of system for evaluating the status of implementation and verification of effectiveness of the most important armaments programmes and projects,
• Management and development of research and development works within the Defence Department and exercising the state administration in the research and development field within the Defence Department in accordance with Act on Science and Technology No. 132/2002 Coll and Decree of Research and Development to ensure the Defence Ability of the State
• Management of research and development support of improvement of Slovakia's defence capabilities, introducing the modern defence technologies,
• Development and implementation of priority areas in armaments (especially life cycle management) and further functions.

According to the Governmental Programme, the Slovak Government is prepared to fully accept its responsibility and commitments that will originate from our membership in NATO (i.e. including the commitments in the armaments and defence research areas) and during the modernisation process of our Armed Forces the Government will be given priority on modernisation projects with particular focus on harmonising the armament, equipment, armaments planning system and defence research planning with NATO member countries. The basic assumptions for successful implementation of these challenging tasks is the existence of the above adequate and systematically intersected institutionalised elements/structures and professional and language level of nominated representatives for cooperation with CNAD groups.
The important motion for further development of cooperation between the Slovak Republic and the Alliance in the armaments, defence research and defence investments will be the expected visit of Mr. Robert G. Bell, Assistant NATO Secretary General for Defence Investments and its outcomes. The visit shall take place at the autumn of this year.

Diagram 1 The six core NATO functions in the armaments area

Diagram 2 The place of CNAD within the NATO Standardization Organization (NSO) structure

Legenda:
The NATO Tasking Authorities:
CNAD - Conference of National Armaments Directors
MC - NATO Military Committee
NSA - NATO Standardization Agency
SNLC - Senior NATO Logistics Conference
NC3B - NATO Consultation, Command and Control Board
The other bodies:
NCS - NATO Committee for standardization
NCSREPs - NCS Representatives
NSSG - NATO Standardization Staff Group
SCs - Strategic Commands

Diagram 3 NATO/CNAD Generation of Armament Project Requirements (click on image to enlarge)

Diagram 4 The modified CNAD Structure since 2^nd half of 2003 (click on image to enlarge)

© Ing. Ivan KOBLEN, CSc.